Principles of Legal Research, 3d ed.: Links

§ 1.1 The Forms of Legal Information

(c) Print and Digital Sources

• Tech Competence (Law Sites) [Perma]

§ 1.2 Research Methods

(a) Finding Legal Information on the Internet

• Internet Archive
• End of Term Web Archive
• Federal Courts Web Archive
• Online Sources Cited in Opinions (Supreme Court)
• Perma.cc
• Google
• Bing
• DuckDuckGo
• Google Advanced Search
• Deep Web Research and Discovery Resources
• Guide to Law Online (Library of Congress)
• LibGuides Community
• Wikipedia

(b) Online Legal Research Platforms

• Casemaker
• Fastcase
• Legal Research via State Bar Associations
• CasemakerX

§ 2.1  Overviews and Interdisciplinary Works

• Wikipedia

§ 2.3  Restatements of the Law

• HeinOnline
• American Law Institute
• ALI Current Projects

§ 2.4  Texts, Treatises, and Monographs

(a) Types of Law Books

• Witkin Legal Institute
• ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global
• Nolo

(b) Finding Texts

• Harvard Library Catalog
• Library of Congress Catalog
• WorldCat
• Legal Treatises by Subject (Harvard)
• Treatise Finders (Georgetown)
• The Making of Modern Law: Legal Treatises, 1800–1926
• Early American Imprints
• Early English Books Online
• Eighteenth Century Collections Online
• HathiTrust Digital Library
• Internet Archive Texts
• Google Books
• Google Advanced Book Search

§ 3.1  Types of Legal Periodicals

• W&L Law Journal Rankings
• Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (Electronic Journals Library)
• Law Commons (Digital Commons Network)
• Social Science Research Network

§ 3.2  Full-Text Resources

• HeinOnline
• Legal Source
• Law Review Companions [Perma]
• Virginia Journal of Law and Technology
• JSTOR
• Google Scholar

§ 3.3  Indexes and Citators

• Index to Legal Periodicals and Books Full Text (ILP)
• LegalTrac
• PubMed
• Academic Search Complete
• Academic OneFile
• ProQuest Central
• Periodicals Archive Online
• Periodicals Index Online
• Scopus
• Web of Science
• IngentaConnect

§ 4.1 The United States Constitution

(a) Reference Sources

• The Oxford Handbook of the U.S. Constitution
• Constitution Annotated
• The Constitution of the United States: Analysis and Interpretation (Govinfo)

(d) Historical Background

• Modes of Constitutional Interpretation
• Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
• Madison's Notes on the Debates in the Federal Convention
• The Federalist Papers (Library of Congress)
• The Federalist Papers (Avalon Project)
• The Founders' Constitution
• Elliot's Debates in the Several State Conventions
• The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution
• America's Historical Newspapers

§ 4.2  State Constitutions

(a) Texts

• Oxford Constitutions of the World

(b) Cases and Secondary Sources

• Book of the States

(c) Historical Research

• LLMC Digital
• State Constitutional Documents (Rutgers)
• State Constitutions (Indiana)

§ 5.2  Statutory Research Methods

(b) Finding Older Versions of Statutes

• HeinOnline
• LLMC Digital
• Google Books
• HathiTrust
• Internet Archive
• Historic Georgia Digests and Codes
• Minnesota Statutes Archive

§ 5.3 Statutory Interpretation

• Statutory Interpretation: Theories, Tools, and Trends

§ 5.4 Sources for Federal Statutes

(a) Slip Laws and Advance Session Law Services

• Public and Private Laws (Govinfo)
• Congress.gov

(b) Statutes at Large

• United States Statutes at Large (Govinfo)
• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 (Library of Congress)

(c) Codification of Federal Statutes

• Revised Statutes (Library of Congress)
• Authority of Statutes Placed in Section Notes of the United States Code [Perma]
• United States Code (Office of the Law Revision Counsel)
• United States Code (Govinfo)
• United States Code Classification Tables
• United States Code (1925-1988)

§ 5.5 Sources for State Statutes

(d) Uniform Laws and Model Acts

• Uniform Law Commission
• Shared State Legislation

(e) Interstate Compacts

• National Center for Interstate Compacts

§ 6.1 The Federal Legislative Process

• How Our Laws Are Made
• Enactment of a Law [Perma]
• LLSDC's Legislative Source Book
• Congress.gov
• Govinfo
• ProQuest Congressional

(a) Preliminary and Informal Consideration

• The White House
• National Journal
• Roll Call
• The Hill

(b) Bills

• About Congressional Bills [Perma]
• Congressional Bills (Govinfo)
• Bills and Resolutions (1799-1873) (Library of Congress)

(c) Hearings

• Committees of the U.S. Congress
• Quick Link Sources to House and Senate Committee Hearings and Other Publications
• Congressional Hearings (Govinfo)
• CQ Roll Call
• C-SPAN Congressional Chronicle

(d) Committee Reports

• Resolving Legislative Differences in Congress
• Congressional Reports (Govinfo)
• An Overview of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set [Perma]
• U.S. Serial Set (1833-1917) (Library of Congress)

(e) Floor Debates

• The Congressional Record: Content, History and Issues
• Congressional Record Index (Govinfo)
• History of Bills (Govinfo)
• Congressional Record (daily) (Govinfo)
• Congressional Record (Bound Edition) (Govinfo)
• An Overview of the Congressional Record and Its Predecessor Publications [Perma]
• Debates of Congress (1789-1875) (Library of Congress)
• Journal of the House of Representatives (Govinfo)

(f) Presidential Approval or Veto

• Presidential Signing Statements
• Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and Institutional Implications

§ 6.2 Other Congressional Publications

• Congressional Documents (Govinfo)
• Congressional Committee Prints (Govinfo)
• Congressional Budget Office
  
• Government Accountability Office
• GAO Reports and Comptroller General Decisions (Govinfo)
• Congressional Research Service
• Congressional Research Service Reports (UNT)
• Every CRSReport.com
• Selected CRS Reports on Congress and Its Procedures
• Penny Hill Press

§ 6.3 Congressional Research Resources

• Federal Legislative History Research: A Practitioner's Guide

(a) Compiled Legislative Histories

• ProQuest Legislative Insight

(b) Congress.gov and Other Congressional Websites

• United States Senate
• United States House of Representatives

(e) CQ and Tracking Services

• CQ Press Library
• GovTrack.us

(f) Status Tables

• House Journal (1789-1875) (Library of Congress)
• Senate Journal (1789-1875) (Library of Congress)
• Digest of Public General Bills and Resolutions
• Congressional Calendars (Govinfo)

(g) Directories

• Leadership Connect
• Congressional Directory (Govinfo)
• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–Present
• Almanac of American Politics
• Politics in America

§ 6.4 State Legislative Information

• Book of the States
• State Legislative History Research Guides Inventory
• State Legislative Websites Directory (NCSL)
• State Legislatures, State Laws, and State Regulations: Website Links and Telephone Numbers (LLSDC)
• Bill Track 50 [GovTrack no longer tracks state legislation]
• FiscalNote
• Legislation Enacted (Pennsylvania General Assembly)
• Jenkins Law Library
• Initiative & Referendum Institute

• Presidential Appointments, the Senate's Confirmation Process . . .

§ 7.1 Executive Orders and Proclamations

• Executive Orders and Proclamations
• Presidential Directives: Background and Overview
• Federal Register (Govinfo)
• American Presidency Project
• CIS Index to Presidential Executive Orders and Proclamations
• Executive Orders: Issuance, Modification, and Revocation
• Executive Orders Disposition Tables
• Codification of Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders

§ 7.2 Other Presidential Documents

• Presidential Directives and Executive Orders
• Digital National Security Archive
• Delivering Government Solutions in the 21st Century [Perma]

§ 7.3 Compilations of Presidential Papers

• Compilation of Presidential Documents (Govinfo)
• Public Papers of the Presidents (Govinfo)

• Federal Administrative Procedure Sourcebook

§ 8.1 Agency Information

(a) Government Websites

• Policies for Federal Agency Public Websites and Digital Services (2016) [superseding 2004 memo]
• Google Advanced Search
• A-Z Index of U.S. Government Departments and Agencies (USA.gov)

(b) Guides and Directories

• Washington Information Directory
• United States Government Manual
• United States Government Manual (Govinfo)
• GovSearch
• Leadership Connect

§ 8.2 Regulations

(a) Federal Register

• Federal Register Pages Published Annually [Perma]
• A Research Guide to the Federal Register and the CFR
• Federal Register
• Federal Register (Govinfo)
• Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
• Regulations.gov

(b) Code of Federal Regulations

• Code of Federal Regulations (Govinfo)
• Electronic Code of Federal Regulations

(c) Regulatory Research

• Federal Register Index
• ProQuest Regulatory Insight

§ 8.3 Other Sources of Agency Law

(b) Decisions and Rulings

• LLMC Digital
• Office of Legal Counsel

(c) Other publications

• Federal Depository Libraries
• Catalog of U.S. Government Publications
• Internet Archive
• Website Monitoring (EDGI)
• CyberCemetery

(d) Unpublished Information

• FOIA.gov
• iFOIA.org

§ 9.1 State Administrative Law

(a) Websites and Directories

• State Government (USA.gov)
• State Blue Books and Encyclopedias
• Council of State Governments
• GovSearch
• Leadership Connect
• Book of the States

(b) Regulations and Executive Orders

• Administrative Rules
• State Regulations and Administrative Codes (CAL INFO)
• Governors (USA.gov)
• National Governors Association

(c) Decisions, Rulings, and Other Documents

• State FOI Resources
• Open Government Guide

§ 9.2  The Law of Counties and Cities

• Local Governments (USA.gov)
• Municode Library
• American Legal Publishing’s Code Library
• Code Library (General Code, LLC)
• Customers by Municipality (Code Publishing Co.)
• Sterling Codifiers
• Online Codes (Quality Code Publishing)
• International Code Council
• Public Safety Codes Incorporated by Law (Public.Resource.org)

§ 10.4  A Brief History of Case Publication

• Legal History: The Year Books
• The English Reports (CommonLII)
• Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674–1913
• Legal Research via State Bar Associations
• Google Scholar
• CourtListener
• Caselaw Access Project

§ 11.1  Supreme Court of the United States

(a) Reference Resources

• Pronouncing Dictionary of the Supreme Court of the United States
• SCOTUSblog

(b) Sources for Current Opinions

• Supreme Court of the United States
• Supreme Court (Legal Information Institute)

(c) United States Reports

• Information about Opinions [Perma]
• In-Chambers Opinions
• Journal of In-Chambers Practice
• Opinions—Bound Volumes
• HeinOnline
• United States Reports (Library of Congress)
• LLMC

(d) Supreme Court Reporter (Westlaw) and Lawyers' Edition (Lexis)

• Dates of Supreme Court Decisions and Arguments, 1791-1882 [Perma]

(e) Other Electronic Sources

• Google Scholar
• Justia
• Bloomberg Law
• Casemaker
• Casetext
• Fastcase
• VersusLaw

§ 11.2  The Lower Federal Courts

• Debates on the Federal Judiciary
• Table B-10—U.S. Courts of Appeals Judicial Business [Perma]
• Court Website Links
• United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
• United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
• United States Court of Federal Claims
• United States Court of International Trade
• United States Tax Court

(a) Online Resources

• United States Courts Opinions (Govinfo)

(b) Case Reporters

• Case Management Procedures in the Federal Courts of Appeals
• Table B-12—U.S. Courts of Appeals Judicial Business [Perma]

(d) Historical Sources

• LLMC Digital

§ 11.3  State Courts

• State Court Structure Charts
• State Court Web sites

(a) Online Resources

• Caselaw Access Project
• Opinions of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals of Arkansas
• Oklahoma Cases

§ 11.4  Territorial and Tribal Courts

• Indian and Tribal Law: Tribal Court Decisions

§ 12.1  Online Case Research

(a) General Principles

• Casetext

(c) Lexis

• Ravel Law's Integration with Lexis (Law Sites) [Perma]

(d) Other Resources

• Casemaker
• Fastcase
• Google Scholar
• CourtListener
• Caselaw Access Project

§ 13.1  Court Rules

(a) Federal Rules

• Rules & Policies (United States Courts)
• Federal Rules (Legal Information Institute)
• Court Website Links
• Rules and Guidance (Supreme Court)
• Guidelines Manual (United States Sentencing Commission)
• Sentencing Law and Policy

(b) State Rules

• Court Web Sites

§ 13.2  Case Records

(a) Dockets

• Case Documents (Supreme Court)
• PACER
• A Complete Chronology of PACER Fees and Policies [Perma]
• PacerPro
• DocketBird
• Docket Alarm
• CourtDrive
• Court Express
• National Archives Court Records
• Privacy/Public Access to Court Records Resource Guide (NCSC)

(b) Appellate Briefs and Records

• Index to the Appellate Case Files of the Supreme Court, 1792-1908
• Making of Modern Law: U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, 1832-1978
• ProQuest Supreme Court Insight
• Supreme Court Briefs (Office of the Solicitor General)
• Free and Fee-Based Appellate Court Briefs Online

(c) Oral Arguments and Transcripts of Proceedings

• Oyez
• Courtroom Cast

(d) Jury Verdicts and Settlements

• VerdictSearch

§ 13.3  Information on Courts and Judges

(a) Analytics

• Legal Analytics Products Deliver Widely Divergent Results (LawSites) [Perma]

(b) Directories

• Judicial Nominations
• Almanac of the Federal Judiciary
• Leadership Connect
• Tribal Courts
• American National Biography
• Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges, 1789-Present

§ 14.1  Topical Services and Current Awareness

(a) Topical Services

• Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print
• Bloomberg Law
• Thomson Reuters Checkpoint
• Wolters Kluwer Cheetah

(c) Legal News Sources

• Google Alerts
• Manzama
• Vable
• Law.com
• Jurist
• Law360
• Mondaq
• Legal Newsletters: Electronic and Print
• Balkinization
• Lawfare
• IPWatchdog
• SCOTUSblog
• ABA Journal Blawg Directory
• Justia Blawg Search

§ 14.2  Manuals, Forms, and Jury Instructions

(a) Practice Manuals and Handbooks

• Legal Research Series (Carolina Academic Press)

(b) Forms and Formbooks

• Services & Forms (United States Courts)

§ 14.3  Legal Ethics Research

• Center for Professional Responsibility (ABA)
• California Rules of Professional Conduct
• Thomas Woodward Houghton 50 State Ethics Guide

• Dictionary (Investopedia)

§ 15.1 Practitioners' Materials and News

(a) Practitioners' Materials

• Practical Law
• Lexis Practice Advisor
• Transactional Intelligence Center (Bloomberg Law)

(b) Transactional News

• The Deal Pipeline
• Corporate Counsel
• American Bankers Association

§ 15.2 Transactional Drafting

(a) Precedents and Sample Agreements

• CooleyGo
• LawInsider

(b) Drafting Guides and Tools

• Bloomberg Law Product Help & Walkthrough

§ 15.4 Specific Areas of Transactional Practice

(a) Securities Law

• Lexis Securities Mosaic

(b) Corporate Governance and M&A

• M&A Deal Points Studies

(d) Intellectual Property Law

• Lex Machina

(e) Tax Law

• Thomson Reuters Checkpoint
• Tax Notes

§ 16.1  Dictionaries and Related Works

• Law French—When Law and Language Collide [Perma]

(a) Dictionaries

• Findlaw Legal Dictionary
• Nolo's Free Dictionary of Law Terms and Legal Definitions
• Legal Dictionaries (Georgetown Law Library)
• Oxford English Dictionary

(b) Citation and Abbreviations Guides

• New York Law Reports Style Manual
• The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
• The Indigo Book
• Introduction to Basic Legal Citation
• Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations

§ 16.2  Legal Directories

• Martindale.com
• FindLaw Lawyer Directory
• Best Lawyers
• Avvo
• Leadership Connect
• Vault
• NALP Directory of Legal Employers
• Association of American Law Schools
• Legal Directories Publishing Co.
• Associations Unlimited
• AssociationExecs.com
• WorldCat

§ 16.3  Statistics

• Statistics & Reports (United States Courts)
• Court Statistics Project
• Legal Profession Statistics (ABA)
• Uniform Crime Reporting Program
• Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
• U.S. Sentencing Commission
• Bureau of Justice Statistics
• Census of Population and Housing
• Explore Census Data
• Census of Population and Housing
• Statistical Abstract of the United States (2013-date)
• Statistical Abstract of the United States (1878-2012)
• Historical Statistics of the United States
• Data and Statistics about the U.S.
• Data.gov
• ProQuest Statistical Insight
• Statistical Sites on the World Wide Web (BLS)
• Gallup, Inc.
• Polling the Nations
• Roper Center for Public Opinion Research

§ 16.4  Public Records

• LexisNexis Accurint
• TLOxp
• Free Resource Center (BRB Publications)
• Free Public Records Directory

§ 16.5  Business and Industry Research

(a) Public Companies

• EDGAR
• Google Finance
• Yahoo! Finance
• Secretary of State Corporate and Business Entity Search

(b) Private Companies

• Factiva
• Mergent Online
• ReferenceUSA
• Crunchbase
• CB Insights
• Bureau van Dijk

(c) Industry Research

• Economic Census
• IBISWorld
• Frost & Sullivan
• BCC Research

§ 16.6  News and Historical Research

• New York Times
• Washington Post
• PressReader
• Google News
• ProQuest Historical Newspapers
• ProQuest Digital Microfilm
• America's Historical Papers
• 19th Century U.S. Newspapers
• NewspaperARCHIVE.com
• Google News Archive
• Newspapers (Internet Archive)
• American Legal Manuscripts from the Harvard Law School Library
• Society of American Archivists
• Using Archives

• Private International Law (ASIL) [Perma]
• International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U.S. Law

§ 17.1  Preliminary Research

• Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

§ 17.2  U.S. Practice in International Law

(a) Treaties and Executive Agreements

• Treaties and Other International Agreements 1776-1949 (Bevans)
• Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties
• Treaties and Other International Acts Series
• Trade Agreements (USTR)
• Tax Treaties
• Treaties in Force
• Treaties: A Historical Overview
• Treaties (Senate Foreign Relations Committee)

(b) Foreign Relations Documents

• Digest of United States Practice in International Law
• Foreign Relations of the United States (University of Wisconsin)
• Foreign Relations of the United States (Department of State)
• Researching Customary International Law, State Practice and the Pronouncements of States Regarding International Law [Perma]

• United Nations Treaty Collection
• Oxford Historical Treaties
• OAU/AU Treaties, Conventions, Protocols & Charters
• Council of Europe Treaty Office
• OAS Multilateral Treaties & Bilateral Agreements
• Hague Conference on Private International Law
• United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
• University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
• Frequently-Cited Treaties & Other International Instruments
• International Law & World Order: Weston's & Carlson's Basic Documents
• Flare Index to Treaties
• World Treaty Index
• Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General
• ICRC Treaties, States Parties, and Commentaries (Geneva Conventions)
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
• Collected Travaux Préparatoires (Yale Law Library)
• À la Recherche des Travaux Préparatoires: An Approach to Researching the Drafting History of International Agreements [Perma]

§ 17.4  Cases and Arbitrations

(a) International Court of Justice

• International Court of Justice
• vLex Justis

(b) Other Courts

• International Courts & Tribunals Collection (WorldLII)
• Oxford Reports on International Law
• International Criminal Court
• International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
• Legacy website of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
• International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
• Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone
• Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
• Special Tribunal for Lebanon
• Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals
• GlobaLex
• Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
• International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
• European Court of Justice
• European Court of Human Rights
• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
• Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• Inter-American Court of Human Rights Project (Loyola Law School)
• African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
• African Human Rights Case Law Analyser
• ACtHPR Monitor
• International Crimes Database
• UNILEX on CISG and UNIDROIT Principles
• Institute of International Commercial Law (Pace Law School)
• Case Law on UNCITRAL Texts
• ECOLEX
• Refworld

(c) Arbitrations

• Reports of International Arbitral Awards
• Kluwer Arbitration
• International Commercial Arbitration

§ 17.5  International Organizations

• Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) Guide (Duke)

(a) United Nations and Related Agencies

• United Nations
• United Nations Handbook
• Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law
• Yearbook of the United Nations
• UN Documents
• UN Official Document System
• Yearbook of the International Law Commission
• UN Juridical Yearbook
• UNCITRAL Yearbook
• Directory of United Nations System Organizations
• UN Digital Library
• Access UN
• Dag Hammarskjöld Library Research Guides
• Ask DAG
• When should I use the UN Digital Library? When should I use ODS?
• How can I search ODS?

(b) World Trade Organization

• World Trade Organization
• GATT Digital Library: 1947-1994
• WTO GATT Documents
• World Trade Organization: Overview and Future Direction

(c) European Union and Other Regional Organizations

• European Union
• Brexit (Middle Temple Library)
• UK Legal Research Guide (Georgetown)
• EU Research Guide (Georgetown)
• EUR-Lex
• European Union Legal Materials: An Infrequent User's Guide
• African Union
• Council of Europe
• Organization of American States
• International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Intergovernmental Organizations
• Yearbook of International Organizations

§ 17.6  Sources for Further Information

• GlobaLex

§ 18.1  Legal Systems of the World

• A Primer on the Civil Law System
• JuriGlobe: World Legal Systems

§ 18.2  Reference Sources in Foreign and Comparative Law

(a) Encyclopedias and Legal System Guides

• Country Commercial Guides
• Legal Resources (Bureau of Consular Affairs)
• The World Factbook
• Europa World Plus
• International Encyclopaedia of Laws
• International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law
• Global Legal Information Catalog

(b) Research Guides and Indexes

• Foreign Law Guide
• GlobaLex

(c) Summaries and Translations of Laws

• Basic Guide to Researching Foreign Law [Perma]
• Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law
• Oxford Constitutions of the World
• Constitute
• Translations of French Legal Texts
• German Law Archive
• Thomson Reuters Checkpoint
• Lexology Getting the Deal Through
• FAOLEX Database
• NATLEX
• Wipo Lex
• Foreign Law—Subject Law Collections on the Web [Perma]
• CODICES InfoBase on Constitutional Case-Law
• Google Translate

(d) Dictionaries

• OSCOLA: The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities

§ 18.3  Original Sources

• SCC Online
• vLex Global
• Westlaw China

(a) Links to Country Websites

• Doing Business (World Bank)
• Guide to Law Online (Library of Congress)
• World Legal Information Institute

(b) Common Law Jurisdictions

• ICLR.3
• British and Irish Legal Information Institute
• Canadian Legal Information Institute
• British History Online
• UK Legislation
• Justice Laws Website (Canada)
• UK Parliament
• Parliament of Canada
• GOV.UK
• Government of Canada

(c) Civil Law Jurisdictions

• Diplomatic List (Department of State)

• Bloomberg Law
• Lexis
• Law Journal Press
• National Consumer Law Center
• PLI Plus
• Special Ed Connection
• Thomson Reuters Checkpoint
• West Academic Study Aids
• Westlaw
• Wolters Kluwer Online Study Aid Library
• Wolters Kluwer Cheetah